Anchor Summary
Every multicellular organism begins as a single cell. A cell does not spend all its time dividing but it undergoes distinct changes at each step of the cell cycle. Cells passes through three main stages
interphase
nuclear division
cytokinesis.
Interphase is the longest stage. During this stage the cell grows and prepares for cell division. Mitosis produce an exact replica of the nucleus and all its chromosomes. The final stage of the cell cycles is cytokinesis which is the original parent that splits into two daughter cells. For a cell to form two genetically identical daughter cells it must duplicate its nucleus. The parent cells contain 46 chromosomes and each daughter cell must have 46 too.
Replication produces an identical copy of each chromosome “arm” but copies are still joined at the centromere. DNA replication is carried out by enzymes. The pairing of new nucleotides follows complementary base pairing rules (A pairs with T and C pairs with G).
Mitosis is the main process by which the body grows and repairs itself. Human cell contains two copies of each of 23 different chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes. Every normal body contains homologous pairs of chromosomes, it holds two alleles of each gene. Gametes are different. Each sperm or egg cell contains half the normal number of chromosomes. Each gamete holds one chromosome from each apri and therefore only one allele of each gene. Gametes are produced by meiosis. In Meiosis the first stage is pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated with each daughter cell keeping one chromosome from each pair. The second stage is similar to mitosis. Each replicated chromosome is separated into two chromosomes. The end result of this process is that each chromosome contains pieces of DNA from its homolog. The meiosis two cell division take place.
Every multicellular organism begins as a single cell. A cell does not spend all its time dividing but it undergoes distinct changes at each step of the cell cycle. Cells passes through three main stages
interphase
nuclear division
cytokinesis.
Interphase is the longest stage. During this stage the cell grows and prepares for cell division. Mitosis produce an exact replica of the nucleus and all its chromosomes. The final stage of the cell cycles is cytokinesis which is the original parent that splits into two daughter cells. For a cell to form two genetically identical daughter cells it must duplicate its nucleus. The parent cells contain 46 chromosomes and each daughter cell must have 46 too.
Replication produces an identical copy of each chromosome “arm” but copies are still joined at the centromere. DNA replication is carried out by enzymes. The pairing of new nucleotides follows complementary base pairing rules (A pairs with T and C pairs with G).
Mitosis is the main process by which the body grows and repairs itself. Human cell contains two copies of each of 23 different chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes. Every normal body contains homologous pairs of chromosomes, it holds two alleles of each gene. Gametes are different. Each sperm or egg cell contains half the normal number of chromosomes. Each gamete holds one chromosome from each apri and therefore only one allele of each gene. Gametes are produced by meiosis. In Meiosis the first stage is pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated with each daughter cell keeping one chromosome from each pair. The second stage is similar to mitosis. Each replicated chromosome is separated into two chromosomes. The end result of this process is that each chromosome contains pieces of DNA from its homolog. The meiosis two cell division take place.
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Vocabulary
Cell cycle- describes the stages of a single cell’s life.
Interphase- is the longest phase of the cell. In the interphase, the cell grows during the G1 stage, replicates its DNA during the S stage, and prepares to divide during the G2 stage.
Cytokinesis -is the final phase of the cell cycle during which the cytoplasm divides in two.
DNA replication- produces an exact copy of the genetic material in a chromosome.
Semiconservative replication- means that each “new” double strand consists of one original strand and one newly assembled strand
Mitosis- is the process of duplicating the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
Cytokinesis- is the process in which the cytoplasm, organelles, and plasma membrane of a cell divide to form two daughter cells
Cell cycle- describes the stages of a single cell’s life.
Interphase- is the longest phase of the cell. In the interphase, the cell grows during the G1 stage, replicates its DNA during the S stage, and prepares to divide during the G2 stage.
Cytokinesis -is the final phase of the cell cycle during which the cytoplasm divides in two.
DNA replication- produces an exact copy of the genetic material in a chromosome.
Semiconservative replication- means that each “new” double strand consists of one original strand and one newly assembled strand
Mitosis- is the process of duplicating the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
Cytokinesis- is the process in which the cytoplasm, organelles, and plasma membrane of a cell divide to form two daughter cells