Anchor Summary
Proteins are essential components of the cell that uses instructions contained in molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (or DNA). This is a long polymer chain made up of nucleotides which each nucleotide contains one of four nitrogen bases, adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). DNA is usually found in a two strand form, which their bases bond only in specific ways. Adenine bonds with Thymine and cytosine bonds with guanine. DNA codes for a protein that is called a gene, genes can be found in the chromosome. Protein synthesis means to make protein, proteins are involved in transport, in structure, acting as enzymes make all kinds of materials, and protecting the body.
Humans need proteins it is essential for us to live, your body is making proteins in your cells as we speak. In protein synthesis we can look at two significant steps, one is transcription and the other translation. Transcription is when we are doing to transcribe the DNA into a message. In our cells the DNA is in the nucleus, therefore were doing transcription in the nucleus. In the step of transcription and enzyme called RNA polymerase will connect complementary RNA basis to the DNA, these RNA bases are bonded together to form a single-stranded mRNA. The "m" in MRNA stands for the messenger. The ribosome is made of rRNA. TRNA stand for transfer RNA they carry amino acid in them and the amino acid is the monomer for proteins. To make protein we need amino acids to build it. tRNA brings the amino acids together to make the protein, the RNA knows what amino acids to bring because mRNA directs what amino acids to come in. Always remember that codon come in threes and all tRNA’s that have the anticodon UAC will be carrying an amino acid called methionine. The complementary tRNA has the anticodon GGU and carries a protein, the RNA transfers that amino acid and will eventually leave and go pick up another amino acid. Amino acids are held together by a peptide bond that keeps growing. Usually, at the end of mRNA, there is a stop codon which stop codons do not code for amino acids when the ribosome reaches it, it indicates that the protein building is finished. The result of translation is a chain of amino acids that are put together in specific sequences based on the coding of the mRNA.
Proteins are essential components of the cell that uses instructions contained in molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (or DNA). This is a long polymer chain made up of nucleotides which each nucleotide contains one of four nitrogen bases, adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). DNA is usually found in a two strand form, which their bases bond only in specific ways. Adenine bonds with Thymine and cytosine bonds with guanine. DNA codes for a protein that is called a gene, genes can be found in the chromosome. Protein synthesis means to make protein, proteins are involved in transport, in structure, acting as enzymes make all kinds of materials, and protecting the body.
Humans need proteins it is essential for us to live, your body is making proteins in your cells as we speak. In protein synthesis we can look at two significant steps, one is transcription and the other translation. Transcription is when we are doing to transcribe the DNA into a message. In our cells the DNA is in the nucleus, therefore were doing transcription in the nucleus. In the step of transcription and enzyme called RNA polymerase will connect complementary RNA basis to the DNA, these RNA bases are bonded together to form a single-stranded mRNA. The "m" in MRNA stands for the messenger. The ribosome is made of rRNA. TRNA stand for transfer RNA they carry amino acid in them and the amino acid is the monomer for proteins. To make protein we need amino acids to build it. tRNA brings the amino acids together to make the protein, the RNA knows what amino acids to bring because mRNA directs what amino acids to come in. Always remember that codon come in threes and all tRNA’s that have the anticodon UAC will be carrying an amino acid called methionine. The complementary tRNA has the anticodon GGU and carries a protein, the RNA transfers that amino acid and will eventually leave and go pick up another amino acid. Amino acids are held together by a peptide bond that keeps growing. Usually, at the end of mRNA, there is a stop codon which stop codons do not code for amino acids when the ribosome reaches it, it indicates that the protein building is finished. The result of translation is a chain of amino acids that are put together in specific sequences based on the coding of the mRNA.
Essential Questions:
- How can a change in DNA's code affect living things?