Anchor Summary
In this chapter there are 4 keystone readings; passive transport, active transport, membrane of the cell and homeostasis. Every cell or complex organism is a system that consists of sets of components.
Living systems are able to work to maintain a consistent internal states due to the changes of temperature or pH that can affect your ability to function. We all have a balance act of temperature, water, glucose and oxygen and are regulated to maintain within specific range. The process of Homeostasis is the trunk of a tree while
Plasma membrane is vital component to the cell, membrane inside the cytoplasm are very important too. The parts of the endomembrane system work together for a specific reason. The nucleus and ER membrane are connected and located close together, making it easy for mRNA to travel from the nucleus to the ribosomes of the rough Er, which assemble proteins. To reach the golgi apparatus, substances from the ER are packaged into vesicles, sections of membrane that pop of the ER and form sacs. And the process continues until they are packaged into vesicles that pop off the opposite surface of the golgi apparatus and transport the material towards the plasma membrane of the cell.
When a substance is dissolved there is more concentrated in one area than in an adjacent area, which forms a concentration gradient. Both molecules and ions in a solution are constantly in motion/action. With leads to them naturally moving from the more concentrated region to the less concentrated regions. The movement “Down” the concentration gradient is diffusion. During a passive transport any type of cellular transport that does not require some form of energy that is what passive transport does.
Small nonpolar molecules cross the phospholipid bilayer most easily, slipping between the phospholipids and crossing into or out of the cell. But the plasma membrane is impermeable to certain substances. Making large molecules, charged ions, and polar molecules no able to pass or cross the phospholipid bilayer. Even though facilitated diffusion help move molecules that normally would not be able to move across the cellular membrane they are still using no ATP(energy). Osmosis refers to the movement of water from areas of high water concentration to area of lower water concentration. Water will move from the side with lower solute concentration to the side with the high solute concentration. Active transport which is the opposite and requires energy in the form of ATP. Sodium -potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane, even if they are in equilibrium or the concentration gradient is in the opposite direction of transport. ATP powers the pump, allowing it to create and maintain concentration gradients of these ions. Cells of the small intestine must absorb glucose from digested food. There are 2 types of membrane proteins that work together to help glucose cross into these cells. Glucose-sodium co-transport proteins facilitated the absorption of glucose. And allow sodium ions to enter the cell. Which allows sodium ions to enter the cell. And each pair of sodium ion that enter take a glucose molecule along them. The second type of membrane protein is sodium potassium which pumps glucose along with them and moves sodium ions from inside the cell into the small intestine.
In this chapter there are 4 keystone readings; passive transport, active transport, membrane of the cell and homeostasis. Every cell or complex organism is a system that consists of sets of components.
Living systems are able to work to maintain a consistent internal states due to the changes of temperature or pH that can affect your ability to function. We all have a balance act of temperature, water, glucose and oxygen and are regulated to maintain within specific range. The process of Homeostasis is the trunk of a tree while
- Thermoregulation,
- Osmoregulation,
- Gas exchange and
- Regulation of Blood Glucose are the branches.
- Phospholipid bilayer
- membrane proteins
- membrane
Plasma membrane is vital component to the cell, membrane inside the cytoplasm are very important too. The parts of the endomembrane system work together for a specific reason. The nucleus and ER membrane are connected and located close together, making it easy for mRNA to travel from the nucleus to the ribosomes of the rough Er, which assemble proteins. To reach the golgi apparatus, substances from the ER are packaged into vesicles, sections of membrane that pop of the ER and form sacs. And the process continues until they are packaged into vesicles that pop off the opposite surface of the golgi apparatus and transport the material towards the plasma membrane of the cell.
When a substance is dissolved there is more concentrated in one area than in an adjacent area, which forms a concentration gradient. Both molecules and ions in a solution are constantly in motion/action. With leads to them naturally moving from the more concentrated region to the less concentrated regions. The movement “Down” the concentration gradient is diffusion. During a passive transport any type of cellular transport that does not require some form of energy that is what passive transport does.
Small nonpolar molecules cross the phospholipid bilayer most easily, slipping between the phospholipids and crossing into or out of the cell. But the plasma membrane is impermeable to certain substances. Making large molecules, charged ions, and polar molecules no able to pass or cross the phospholipid bilayer. Even though facilitated diffusion help move molecules that normally would not be able to move across the cellular membrane they are still using no ATP(energy). Osmosis refers to the movement of water from areas of high water concentration to area of lower water concentration. Water will move from the side with lower solute concentration to the side with the high solute concentration. Active transport which is the opposite and requires energy in the form of ATP. Sodium -potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane, even if they are in equilibrium or the concentration gradient is in the opposite direction of transport. ATP powers the pump, allowing it to create and maintain concentration gradients of these ions. Cells of the small intestine must absorb glucose from digested food. There are 2 types of membrane proteins that work together to help glucose cross into these cells. Glucose-sodium co-transport proteins facilitated the absorption of glucose. And allow sodium ions to enter the cell. Which allows sodium ions to enter the cell. And each pair of sodium ion that enter take a glucose molecule along them. The second type of membrane protein is sodium potassium which pumps glucose along with them and moves sodium ions from inside the cell into the small intestine.
Objectives
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Essential Questions
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Vocabulary
Active Transport- is the movement of particles from an area of low concentration across a membrane to an area of high concentration.
Exocytosis- releases substances from the cell. It is used to secrete hormones and neurotransmitters
Endocytosis- takes extracellular material into the cell by forming a membrane vesicle around it. The vesicle may be then fuse with another vesicle containing digestive enzymes that break down the material
Concentration- which refers to the amount of a substance dissolved in a given volume of water or other solvent
Concentration gradient- is a gradual difference in the concentration of a substance in a solution as a function of distance
Diffusion- is the movement of molecules or ions down a concentration gradient. It stops when equilibrium is reached.
Passive Transport- is the movement of a substance across the plasma across the plasma membrane without any input of energy
Transport protein- is a protein built into the plasma membrane that helps certain kinds of molecules or ions pass through
Facilitated diffusion- which relies on membrane proteins to help molecules across a cell membrane
Osmosis- refers to the movement of water from where dissolved substances are less concentrated to where they are more concentrated. Osmosis is a form of passive transport. It requires no energy.
Plasma membrane- surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, controlling what enters and exists
Endosymbiosis- is a theory that early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes
Homeostasis- refers to the maintenance of a constant internal state. Glucose,water, temp, and ph levels in the blood are maintained at constant levels
Thermoregulation- is the regulation of body temperature
Active Transport- is the movement of particles from an area of low concentration across a membrane to an area of high concentration.
Exocytosis- releases substances from the cell. It is used to secrete hormones and neurotransmitters
Endocytosis- takes extracellular material into the cell by forming a membrane vesicle around it. The vesicle may be then fuse with another vesicle containing digestive enzymes that break down the material
Concentration- which refers to the amount of a substance dissolved in a given volume of water or other solvent
Concentration gradient- is a gradual difference in the concentration of a substance in a solution as a function of distance
Diffusion- is the movement of molecules or ions down a concentration gradient. It stops when equilibrium is reached.
Passive Transport- is the movement of a substance across the plasma across the plasma membrane without any input of energy
Transport protein- is a protein built into the plasma membrane that helps certain kinds of molecules or ions pass through
Facilitated diffusion- which relies on membrane proteins to help molecules across a cell membrane
Osmosis- refers to the movement of water from where dissolved substances are less concentrated to where they are more concentrated. Osmosis is a form of passive transport. It requires no energy.
Plasma membrane- surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, controlling what enters and exists
Endosymbiosis- is a theory that early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes
Homeostasis- refers to the maintenance of a constant internal state. Glucose,water, temp, and ph levels in the blood are maintained at constant levels
Thermoregulation- is the regulation of body temperature